Temperate Deciduous Forest :: essays research papers

Temperate Deciduous ForestGeographical location- The Temperate Deciduous Forest is 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south of the equator. This climate bunghole be found in the north in North America, Europe and Asia. In the south, the climate can be found with South America, Australia, and Africa.Climate facts- the honest temperature is 50 degrees (24 degrees celsius) and its high is 86 degrees, this factor depends on the altitude of the forest. The temperate deciduous forest receives an average yearly precipitation of 2 to 5 feet, and the humidness of the forest is 60% to 80%.Soil- The soil in this climate is very fertile due to falling leaves, twigs, logs, and dead organisms.Fall- the leaves begin to lose their green pretense as the chlorophyll inside the leaves goes away. The red and orange that is always associated with fall come into play now, since they are always in the twitch, the only reason the leaf is green is because chlorophyll are inside the cells, but during the co ld weather the trees loses the chlorophyll.Layers of the Temperate Forest1.Tree stratum- tallest layer, 60- 100 feet high, with large maple woods, oaks, beech, chestnut, hickory, elm, basswood, linden, and walnut.2.Small tree or sapling layer- short and young trees.3.Shrub layer- huckleberries, azaleas, and mountain laurels.4.Herb layer- short plants5.Ground layer- lichens, club mosses, and true mosses. Three types of organisms original producers- such as trees, shrubs, grass, mushrooms, wild flowers, berries.Primary consumers-this group is comprised of mostly small animals and insects, such as mosquitoes, chipmunks, mice, squirrels, and seed eating birds. These organisms depend on the primary producers, for food and shelter.

Genetic Screening and Genetic Discrimination by Insurance Companies Ess

genetic screening has been a subject of debate for quite some time now. initiation in the 1990s, when it became prevalent owing to the increasing research into the cause of diseases (Chadwick, 1). Screening brought advantages the chance to see what diseases or cancers one may be at riskiness for, an opportunity to take a glimpse inside of ones somebodyal genome (Tree.com). However, as genetic screening became more and more common, it brought with it just as many disadvantages. Genetic screening found its way into corporate boardrooms and insurance companies, creating large amounts of discrimination against employees where genetic make-up revealed a disposition to certain diseases. scorn acts prohibiting genetic discrimination, such as the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA), insurance companies today still use results from genetic screening tests to deny people health check coverage that they need (Hill). Insurance companies should not be permitted t o use genetic screening in their application process as it creates discrimination against the individual as well as entire races, and the information is not reliable.Genetic screening is a process created in the 1990s, which allowed anyone to have his or her genome mapped out and carefully canvas for signs of hereditary diseases and cancer. Typically, it is used to detect only recessive or heterozygote diseases such as Tay Sachs Disease and Cystic Fibrosis, and today is applied to predisposition testing for multifactorial diseases of larger populations (Chadwick, 1). Most commonly, the DNA is taken from blood samples or a mouth swab and is then sent to a lab which takes apart the persons genetic information and records it letter for letter. Today, five diffe... ...alition. Genetic test for Breast Cancer. 2005-2013. Web. Oct. 5, 2013.Park, Madison. NCAA genetic screening rule sparks discrimination concerns. 2010, August 4.Web. Oct. 5, 2013.Pray, Leslie. DTC Genetic Testing 2 3andMe, DNA Direct and Genelex. 2008. Web. Sept. 5, 2013.Pupecki, Sandra R. Genetic Screening. May 11, 2006. Web. Sept. 9, 2013.Reichman, Judith. Can a Genetic Test Affect My Health Insurance? 2007 June 4. Web. Oct.8, 2013.Rochman, Bonnie. Why Cheaper Genetic Testing Could speak to Us a Fortune. 2012 Oct 26. Web. Oct. 6, 2013.Sagredo, Boris. Genetic Screening The Social Impact of Genetic Knowldege. NA. Web. Sept. 6, 2013Schwartz, Ruth. Hereditary and Hope The Case of Genetic Screening. May 2008. Web (Book). Sept. 7, 2013.Tree. Com. The Pros and Cons of DNA Genetic Testing. 2011. Web. Sept. 4, 2013.

The Influence, And Views Of Netanyahu On The Middle East Peace Plan :: essays research papers

The Influence, and Views of Netanyahu On The heart and soul East Peace Plan     The middle east has many problems trying to achieve peace between Israeland the Palestinians. The peace butt on started about four years ago with theMiddle East countries. Through the process many people have had major influenceon it. matchless person who might have one of the greatest influences of the peaceagreement is Israeli ground Minster genus Benzoin Netanyahu. The peace agreement isthe biggest topic in the Middle East and he is at the head of one end. At theother end is another strong figure. The leader of the PLO (PalestinianLiberation Organization) is Yasir Arafat. In this report I will explain BenjaminNetanyahus position in Israel and how he has affected the peace plan. I willtell about his views on what is going on.     Benjamin Netanyahu lived in the United States for a few years. Netanyahuwas a graduate of M.I.T. in 1975. Then he claimed duel citi zenship with theUnited States and Israel. Netanyahu did so because his bewilder was born in theUnited States. He was a well-paid analyst with the Boston Consulting group. Heleft working in that location and went back to Israel in 1978. When he went back to Israel,he was there for about six years when he became the embassador to the unitedstates for Israel. Later when he was an Israeli diplomat he renounced hisAmerican citizenship. In 1996 he became the Prime Minister of Israel. He now hasthe most influence from the Israeli side of things. Benjamin Netanyahu has donemany interviews and addresses with the American people. One such interview hedid to express his views was with Time Magazine. Time asked him if he were aPalestinian, how he would regard toward Netanyahu? He replies, "If I read thecontrolled Palestinian media, I would think that, as they wish me, I am worsethan Hitler."(Beyer, 1996, p.38) They then asked him if a Palestinian could seeyou for what you really are what they would see. He replied to that by saying,"I think they would regard me as a person who believes deeply in the necessityof peace and that we dont have an anther partner other than the PalestinianAuthority. I think that any Palestinian mother reading this should understandthat I am as deeply conscious of her pain of losing her child as I am of aJewish mothers."(Beyer, 1996, p.38) Netanyahu goes on telling Time that he doesnot hate the man Arafat, but the two represent different perspectives andinterests.

Native Americans Essays -- essays research papers

Native Americans culture is unique for many ways. Living on the reservations they were in touch with nature as sound as their ancestors. Native Americans are disputed in the country, diverse among tribes, culturally mixed, and recognize their accept political stands (Bordewich, 1996, p. 71). These have changed over the years, but before the reconstructive memory of the Native Americans the people were identifiable and knew who they were.Before the Europeans came and changed their living they felt one with the land. They believe the land was not to be owned by anyone. The Wakonda, a god, who in there words related to all things, made the land. Also, they expressed their feelings for nature as in peace confidence. Before the whites took over the land the Native Americans had their own laws, as they do know, but one of the most important laws was to respect and keep peace with the dominant race and others around them. This meaning the Natives had never precious to start fighting with the other races (Brophy, 1966, p. 24-25). They wanted to keep to themselves and keep the land clean and healthy. They did everything in and for nature.The Indian dances were a spiritual way for the Indians to express themselves. pass down from generation to generation the dances are not a form of their own movement. They do the steps of the ancestors exceptionally in the religious ceremony dances. The whole time a dancer will go outside of the steps is when its a personal ex...

The Greatest Of These Is Love Essay -- Gods Love for Mankind

And now these three remain faith, hope and chouse. But the greatest of these is love. (1 Corinthians 1313)No matter how anointed we ar in our preaching, teaching, evangelizing, ministering, etc ... there is no greater evidence of our knowledge of beau ideal than how we LOVE one another. Love comes from God and everyone who loves has been born of God and knows Him. (1 John 47) The indwelling of Gods love in us perfects our human character. Without it, we have no foundation on which to build our Christian lives.Love is not just an attri howevere of Gods character ... It IS God (1 John 416) It is the very essence of Gods being. In John 1334-35, we are commanded to love one another. This command is not referring to a physical affection or emotion, but a purposeful, voluntary SPIRITUAL affection an unselfish concern for the well-being of others whether or not we feel they are deserving of our love. Even our enemies are to start our love despite their attitude, or behavior tow ard us. (Luke 627-28) For despite our unworthiness, God loved us and made the greatest sacrifice to prove it.Gods Love for valetFor God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life. (John 316)God loves us so intensely that He purposed His Son to be unmercifully tortured, beaten, scorned, scrutinized and murdered ... all in the name of Love. He has bestowed His perfect love upon us, go overking those who are deemed the most wretched and alienated from Him that they may be saved. His is a redeeming love manifested in mercy and grace, for He cares for and help us when we are in need, and He accepts us and loves us even though we dont deserve it.But be... ...adulthood, our spouses can turn away from us in anger or frustration, our friends and relatives turn away for a multitude of reasons. But we can rejoice in the fact that there is ONE relationship where we will always go up love ... our relationship with God. There is nothing that can separate us from Gods love -- His love endureth forever (Psalms 118)Thanking GodHeavenly Father, we thank You for Your mercy, grace and supra all ... Your love. Without it we have no hope ... we have no future ... we have no lifeWe thank You for Your ability to look beyond our faults, and see our needs. We rejoice in Your mercy, for it has made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions Your grace, for it is by grace that we have been saved and Your love, for in love You sent Your one and only Son into the world that we might live through Him.

The Greatest Of These Is Love Essay -- Gods Love for Mankind

And now these three remain faith, hope and turn in. But the greatest of these is love. (1 Corinthians 1313)No matter how anointed we atomic number 18 in our preaching, teaching, evangelizing, ministering, etc ... there is no greater evidence of our knowledge of God than how we LOVE one another. approve comes from God and everyone who loves has been born of God and knows Him. (1 thaumaturgy 47) The indwelling of Gods love in us perfects our human character. Without it, we have no foundation on which to build our Christian lives.Love is not just an attribute of Gods character ... It IS God (1 John 416) It is the very essence of Gods being. In John 1334-35, we are commanded to love one another. This command is not referring to a physical affection or emotion, but a purposeful, voluntary SPIRITUAL affection an unselfish concern for the well-being of others whether or not we feel they are deserving of our love. Even our enemies are to receive our love despite their attitude, or behavior toward us. (Luke 627-28) For despite our unworthiness, God loved us and made the greatest sacrifice to prove it.Gods Love for MankindFor God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life. (John 316)God loves us so intensely that He purposed His Son to be unmercifully tortured, beaten, scorned, scrutinized and murdered ... all in the name of Love. He has bestowed His perfect love upon us, seeking those who are deemed the most wretched and alienated from Him that they may be saved. His is a redeeming love manifested in mercy and invest, for He cares for and help us when we are in need, and He accepts us and loves us even though we dont deserve it.But be... ...adulthood, our spouses can turn away from us in irritation or frustration, our friends and relatives turn away for a multitude of reasons. But we can rejoice in the fact that there is ONE relationship where we will ever find love ... o ur relationship with God. There is nothing that can separate us from Gods love -- His love endureth forever (Psalms 118)Thanking GodHeavenly Father, we thank You for Your mercy, grace and above all ... Your love. Without it we have no hope ... we have no future ... we have no lifeWe thank You for Your ability to look beyond our faults, and see our needs. We rejoice in Your mercy, for it has made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions Your grace, for it is by grace that we have been saved and Your love, for in love You sent Your one and only Son into the world that we might live through Him.

Tiberius and gaius gracchus

Tuberous and Gauss charitable When Tuberous and G all in allus Gracious became an office, capital of Italy was no longer a Republic, be controlled by the dreadfuls throughout the empire. A reclamation was desperately indigenceed. But who would lead it? Tuberous Gracious would, a man of noble blood. Also, being the gravid Nephew of the remarkable general, Gossip Africans, and the son of a noble Censor, he would have an influence and slap-up effect upon the people of capital of Italy and the world.Throughout the lives of Tuberous and Gauss Gracious, the Karachi br some others brought In some(prenominal) root words that changed Rome and future enervation. At the succession, Rome had been corrupt enough that It would even affect the war machine itself. Rome was at constant war and the people of Italy were being drafted into the armies of the Roman Empire. To have war, ane must have hand. The drafting of men was quite leafy vegetable at the date considering that a large mas s of men was conducted to convey the actions of Rome. If one was to serve in the army, one must have owned place down.When the men had left to war, which would watch over their land or run their farms? The Nobles took this Law to their advantage by acquiring the land of the oldies enlisted in the armies of Rome. When soldiers returned home, they had nothing. A man of great influence was needed, one with a background of great authority and noble blood to lead the reformation of a corrupt and unbalanced Roman Society. But to lead the revolution, one must take authority while not being seen as a king which the Romans absolutely despised. Land being acquired by noble men was making many homeless person and shifted the Roman economy.A boundary was clearly made between the upper class and the lower classes the mogul was no longer in the hands of the people unless in the hands of the nobles. As the country continued its downfall thoughtful Romans began to realize the need to attempt so me alleviation of the economic Those in spicy positions saw the corruption throughout the empire that would eventually drive Rome into the ground. The Illegal actions throughout the empire did not go unseen though a few(prenominal) realized the situation, which Included the leader of the Revolution, Tuberous Semipros Gracious.The goal of the revolution was to reform the land laws of Rome, creating a once over again stable society and economy. Tuberous Gracious a noble tribune in an influential position (Plutarch) had a task of reorganizing and stabilizing the Roman economy. Everything was continuing to be affected be generate of the loss of land experienced by the Roman peoples and something needed to be done. A pinnacle by Tuberous Gracious would be the source step Into the reformation. It was called the Leg scintilla, a bill that put a limit on the acres that one could own.Which helped soldiers gain their land back and to provide homes for returning war veterans. This bill w as absolutely incumbent and if shut down Rome would continue to downfall. Many said if only because it affected Romeos Military strength(Richardson). The armies were having shortages of men because almost none owned land due to the noble theft of property. To have an army, men must be a well up-supplied resource. If an army Is conquer. Therefore, by creating stable economy, Rome would not only fortify its military, but alleviate its struggling economy.After taking veto after veto by the tribune, Marcus Octavos, the senate was sidestepped and defeated by a popular vote. His reformations were carried out and funded by the political sympathies of Rome his influences upon many were broad. According to Plutarch, Octavos himself was a possessor of a large amount of public land and was thus liable to the provisions of the Leg Grain (Richardson). Many of the senators were bound to this law and were affected by it, and hatred for Tuberous was brewing in the hearts of many.His reformation s would have to be passed on to his younger blood relation after the physical outrage of the Senate and the death of Tuberous Compromise Gracious himself. His reformations were broadly welcomed by those of the middle and lower classes but hated by those of noble families, land was distributed and Rome was slowly turning to a stable economic situation. In the Event of the death of the political leader, Tuberous Gracious, of the reformation, Gauss Gracious took over the cause of the once living Tuberous Gracious.Having a partial failure, Tuberous Gracious currently unsuccessful operation due to the political biases against him and his reformation, failure is in itself no signalise of lack of spirit and ability (Riddle). The idea of equality and reformation was in the air, and the reformation had been far from over. Gauss Gracious being the younger brother of Tuberous Gracious had been a strong supporter of him and had a good political aground making him the best fit to take charge i n the reformation. Continuing in the reformation Gauss then turned to further economic reform. He re-enacted his brothers Agrarian Bill (Seculars, 32). He had the bill of his brother enforced throughout Italy and much of the land lendable had no doubt been distributed by this time, Gauss supplemented this bill with a plan to establish some colonies in Italy, some were to come from the lower and middle classes in post to provide some capital for the promotion of industries in the colonies (Seculars 33). Gauss had a Lana to raise the status by establishing a system that would uplift the Republic and create an idea of fairness and equality in Rome. Using the Bill of his brother Tuberous, Gauss was able to bring ideas into Rome that would change it for the better.Taking position of Tribune in the Senate (like Tuberous before him) Gauss was well more successful than his brother Tuberous by gaining the support of the equestrian class and many high political leaders. Gauss had brought forward the ideas of citizenship for all Italians, economic competition, sequel of land reformations, an age limit for those to be drafted in the army, topping Judicial bribery, expanding Francine to the Latinist, and slowly began to give power back to the people. But many of these ideas were vulnerable from the flack catcher of senators, which opposed the Karachi. During Gauss second tribune the senate at last moved to the attack but at first by an indirect method (Seculars, 35). Another Tribune sent by the Senate had the assignment of winning over the supporters of Gauss through attractive proposals. Gauss position simply was to be undermined by others and his ideas shut down (Seculars, 35). Gauss went through the same trials and fire that his brother had to endure. Through the deaths of other consuls and threats of Gauss life his ideas still remained and were recognized by the people of decrease in popularity and support. The Karachi was in true(p) sense martyrs they had witne ssed to their belief in the need for reform and they had suffered for their faith (Seculars, 37). The two men Tuberous and Gauss Gracious had brought in ideas that had not only shaped the Republic, but took the dominant power out of the hands of the Senate and put it back in the hands of the people. At least this was a realization of what Rome truly was and why reformations were necessary and essential to the Roman Empire. though problems were still within the armies and economy, the Karachi created a realization and pillowcase for the people of Rome to follow.The reality of the Karachi reformations were that they were short lived, for many of these laws and reformations only lasted for a short period of time and not throughout all of the Roman Empire. The Karachi received some direct forgets, though many of the economic difficulties remained, they at least helped to relieve, those main problems in Rome (Seculars, 38). The corrupt Roman Empire, suffering by economic and social de cay, had alleviation by two Tribunes of the time, who was Tuberous and Gauss Gracious. Their reformations and ideas helped the people of Rome realize the corruption of Rome.The ideas and events of the time had been the sign of a great awakening. Though their relief of the economic and social conditions was short-lived, the dominant power no longer rested in the hands of the Senate as it once did, but now, in the hands of the people. Works cited Richardson, Keith. Daggers in the Forum The Revolutionary Lives and Violent Deaths of the Gracious Brothers. London Classes and Company Limited, 1976. Seculars, H. H. From the Karachi to Nero A history of path 133 B. C. To A. D. 68. London and New York Methuen and Co.Ltd, 1959. Riddle, John. Tuberous Gracious Destroyer or Reformer of the Republic. Massachusetts D. C. Health and Company,1970. When Tuberous and Gauss Gracious sought to establish the liberty of the common people and expose the crimes of the oligarchs, the guilty nobles took fri ght and opposed their proceedings by every means at their disposal Cicero. The Karachi brothers were clearly well intentioned men who had the interests of Rome at heart, instead of their own, which was a common attitude amongst the other senators.The reforms of the Karachi were long over-due and their programs were genuine attempts to deal with Romeos problems. During the fine art existence, Rome was facing a number of social, selfishness of the oligarchy and so adopted methods which threatened the balance between the senate, the magistrates and the people which had existed for a very long time in this way they can be regarded as revolutionary. It is seeming that they interpreted the problems far too simply, and they failed to see Thurman society had changed.The Senate also failed to see these changes and reacted to the Graphics actions in the only way they could violence. The senate felt threatened by the Graphics methods, and as a result violence was used for the first time i n Roman politics. In order to understand why the Karachi assay to wreak these problems, one must examine the circumstances of Rome at the time, as well as the background of the two brothers. After the Second Punic War, the Senate became the commanding power and as a result, many changes occurred throughout Rome.Most notably, the ruling Oligarchy (specifically the nobles) abused their power, caring more for their own eternal interests and Gloria than the welfare of the republic. As a result major problems occurred throughout Rome. Serious economic social problems occurred, both rural and urban, causing grave distress among many Roman citizens. There was a military crisis, with lack of eligible recruits for the legions, aggravated by the Spanish and Sicilian wars. There was tension in the oligarchy between leading factions (Claudia / Compression and the Copies) as they struggled for political superiority.And amongst all these problems was the failure of the ruling nobility within t he senate to deal with these problems. In order to determine the significance of both Karachi, one must examine both Tuberous and Gauss actions and the do they had at the time. In 133, Tuberous Gracious attempted to solve Romeos problems, specifically the land crisis. He introduced the Leg Agrarian, a bill for land reform, which proposed that a billing of trine people should allocate small holdings of land owned by the state (eager publics) to landless citizens.The bill was met with great controversy, still, it wasnt the content of the bill that provoked the reaction, earlier the means with which it was proposed. As Stockton notes It ceased to be a struggle about the rights and wrongs of a particular land bill and became a fundamental question about the true nature of Roman politics. Tuberous met great opposition to the bill itself because the ruling Nobles were those benefiting the most from the current situation. Therefore, Tuberous used his tribune in an unprecedented manner , and in proposing his bill, bypassed the senate going directly to the continuum plebes.Whilst technically legal, this action threatened the senates guitarists and dignities, and their superiority with regards to legislation and matters concerning the state. Tuberous also went further in his provocation of the senate by deposing Octavos after the senate attempted to use Octavos to veto Tuberous land bill. Again, Tuberous was perfectly within legal constraints, claiming that since the Job of a tribune was to represent the people, he had done nothing illegal, and was Justified in deposing Octavos because Tuberous believes he failed to do so.Previously, Tribunes such as which Tuberous proposed his bill (as well as Gauss services), it became possible to use tribunes as promoters of change, undermining the traditional powers of the senate s well as providing potential for ambitious men to promote their own political careers. As Seculars notes, the original function of the tribunes had b een to protect the people against patrician domination, but this need had long passed and they had become useful agents for the nobility, often using their veto to check the popular assemblies.Whilst Tuberous was eventually killed by the senate before he could pass his three other revolutionary reforms, Tuberous was an incredibly powerful tribune, and as Cicero notes was not a mere plaything of oligarchic government. As stated y Cicero, Tuberous Gracious shattered the stability of the state. It is also important to note that Tuberous Gracious laid the groundwork for his brother Gauss to achieve big success. In the year 123, Gauss Gracious became tribune, and took over his brothers quest to solve the problems that plagued Rome at the time.However, Gauss learned from his brothers mistakes in releasing that in order to overcome the senates opposition, he would have to gain far more support than his brother Tuberous did, appealing to the classes of the equities, allies and plebs. Gauss was also a superb orator, which is articulacy pertinent in the example of his speech to the senate, where as Plutarch notes, he roused the peoples emotions with sentiments and he possessed a powerful voice and spoke with overwhelming conviction.Gauss Gracious covered a broader electron orbit than his brother did, dealing with the subject of the Italian and Latin allies. Gauss attempted to further the Agrarian settlements initiated by Tuberous, to relieve the suffering of the urban unemployed and poor, to reduce the power of the ruling nobility and to resolve the increasing discontent of the Latin and Italian allies y offering them Roman citizenship. All the above-mentioned laws in one way or another, weakened or undermined the power of the senate.The harshest law in this respect was the Leg Cilia, which highlighted the Senates corruption and incompetence. According to Plutarch the law more than any other reduced the power of the senate and formed the basis for the struggle over la w courts which was to continue in future years. Gauss also introduced the Equestrian class as a third political force, which would further balance the government and weaken the power f the senate, and within ten years of the Graphics death they would ally themselves with any the senate or the people for their own political gain.Gauss also dealt with the increasing discontent of the Italian and Latin Allies by offering them Roman citizenship. This proposal was vetoed by Lives Drugs (a tribune who was used by the senate to outbid Gauss for the support of the people) and opposed by a large section of society the Nobles feared that this would jeopardize their control of the assemblies, whilst the equities wanted to avoid prominent any advantages to their Italian commercial rivals.Although this law ended up unsuccessful in the short term, the long term effects of this resulted in the Allies proper more aware of their rights which would then lead to a war in which the outcome had Latin and Italian Allies receiving Roman citizenship. Measures, the passing of the USC (senates consult ultimatum) which was the first time violence was officially used as a political weapon. This became the start of violence in Roman politics, being used more a great deal by the senate when they had no other means to resort to, and would drastically change the nature of Roman politics for the years to come.After Tuberous and Gauss deaths, the consequences of their actions were still in effect, most storied in the example of Marcus and Usual. The lowering of property qualifications in Gauss reforms led to the rise of a professional army creating a nexus between the land, army and the commander. Soldiers no longer became dependent on the state for land grants, but on their commander. This led to commanders such as Marcus and Usual commanding powerful armies with political weight.Marcus however can be considered a better example as Marcus used the precedent set by the Karachi to initiate his own reforms, in particular once again awakening the hold of senatorial aristocracy on Roman politics. By examining the Karachi and their accomplishments, it becomes apparent that the Graphics most significant contribution to Rome was recognizing the flaws in the Republic, particularly the senate and its reliance on the notions of Moms Moratorium.The Karachi set out to expose these weaknesses, as well as attempting to solve many of Romeos largest problems, as a result of the senates inactivity, selfishness and negligence. This resulted in the Senates uncongenial reaction to the Karachi, which therefore allowed the Karachi to make revolutionary changes to the face of Roman elitist, as a direct and indirect result of their actions, including the notion of a tribune as an instrument of initiative and reform, and more importantly, the introduction of violence in Roman politics.

Reveiw Questions and Critical Thinking Questions

1. What is a camera? A camara is a light-tight box that contains a light-sensitive material or device and a way of letting in a desired amount of light at particular generation to realize an movie on the light-sensitive material.2. What is a convex lens? A convex lens is bend the light toward the center of the lens, since one or both sides of the glass curve out. It also takes the various rays of light and bends them toward the same point, which ultimately allows an image to form.3. What three components make up a get camera? Define each part. The three components are First is the mechanical element, which is the camera body and the parts associated with it the second one is the optical element, This is otherwise cognize as the camera lens. Finally, we break the chemical element, which is the film. These three different elements make up a film camera.4. What is a pentaprism? What job does it do in the camera? Apentaprism which is a five-sided mirror. The job of the pentaprism is to flip the light from the image so that the image appears right side up rather than shows the inverted image that prototypic occurs.5. What are point and shoot cameras? How do they differ from SLR cameras? Point and shoot camerasare those that use an optical viewfinder, rather than having the semiautomatic mirror. The image the photographer sees by the viewfinder is not the subscribe to same image that will be recorded. AnSLR, or single lens reflex, camerahas a semiautomatic movement of the mirror, which produces an circumstantial image in the viewfinder, is different from the point and shoot cameras because the point and shoot cameras shows not the exact image that will be recorded, and the SLR show a exact image.6. What is JPEG? What pressations have to be kept in mind with JPEG? JPEG is the default file format in many digital cameras on the market today. We need to consider JPEG has an important drawback to this space-saving advantageit is compressed in a lossy manner, w hich means that many of the data is lost. The more(prenominal) the image is compressed (the smaller the size of the file), the more information from the image is lost.7. What is the difference between optical and digital zoom? Optical zoomworks like a telephoto lens, the image flavor remains the same as the image is magnified.Digital zoomcrops the image and enlarges the cropped image to rent the frame of the camera. This means that the digital zoom generally results in a loss of quality in the image. They are different because Optical zoom remans the same as the image is magnifi chamberpott, and digital zoom enlarge the cropped image to fill the frame of the camera.8. What are the steps you can take to create a pinhole camera? Have you tried to make one? First, youll want to cut the dress circle oatmeal box (or other cardboard type tube or round container) in half, leaving the bottom of the container in place, so that you have devil short round pieces or tubes.Place a piece of wax paper over one of the open ends of the round container and tape it in place. Once you have this done, put the oatmeal tube back together again so that the wax paper is in the center field of the tube. Wrap tape around the middle of the tube where the two pieces join together, making the tube as lightproof as possible. Finally, create a small pinhole in the bottom of the container. Now youre ready to try out your pinhole camera. Im going to try to make one.9. What are some of the differences between film and digital cameras? Which one do you prefer? Digital cameras digital cameras create files that are relatively large, digital images do not require processing for viewing, use an electronic image sensor to digitally record an image, Some digital cameras can also be used to create video in addition to still photographs. Digital cameras create photographs that are made up of pixels. Film cameras film must loaded into cameras and developed in light-tight conditions, this drives u p the cost of developing and printing film-based images, ilm negatives or final prints must be scanned prior to computer manipulation, some color prints can fade over time. I prefer digital camara.10. What are some advantages of being able to see an image right after youve taken it (such as with an instant camera or being able to review the image on a digital camera)? With a digital camera you can basically take as many photos as you like until you get the complete image. If you dont like the way your photo has turned out you can simply delete it and take it again. This can be done because you can view the photo seconds after youve taken it, is just perfect to have this camaras, and be able to see the image right after youve taken it.

Hannibal’s Life and Conquest

Research Paper Hannibals Life and Conquest Hannibal is one of the majusculeest generals of his time. To better generalise Hannibal and his crusades against the Romans you essential know a bit ab disclose his family history. Hannibal was only 25 years old when he was put in take of the treacherous armies and the Carthaginian judicature in Spain. Even at a young age he knew his responsibilities, so he kept his fathers plan of military conquest and his brother-in-laws indemnity of strengthening Carthaginian power by democracy. He is one of the sons of Hamilcar Barca, a Carthaginian leader.He had several sisters and two brothers, Hasdrubal and Mago. His brothers-in-law were Hasdrubal the Fair and the Numidian king Naravas. So his family is every well known or rich. He was still a child when his sisters married, and his brothers-in-law were close associates during his fathers struggles in the Mercenary War and the Punic conquest of Iberia. To better understand Hannibals rise to gre atness one needs to look into his fathers history. After Carthages defeat in the First Punic War, Hamilcar set out to improve his familys and Carthages fortunes.With that in mind and supported by Gades, Hamilcar began the subjugation of the tribes of the Iberian Peninsula. Carthage at the time was in such a poor state that its navy was unable to transport his army to Iberia (Hispania) instead, Hamilcar had to march it to struggleds the Pillars of Hercules and transport it across the Strait of Gibraltar. Hannibal had once asked his father and begged to go with him to fight Hamilcar agreed and demanded that he swear that as long as he lived he would never be a friend of Rome.There was a story stating that, Hannibals father took him up and brought him to a sacrificial chamber. Hamilcar held Hannibal everywhere the fire roaring in the chamber and made him swear that he would never be a friend of Rome. According to that tradition, Hannibals oath had taken go in in the town of Peniscol a, today part of the community of Valencia, Spain. Hannibals father soon went on the conquest of Hispania. His father soon died in the battle. Soon after Hannibals brother-in-law Hasdrubal gained command of the army. Hasdrubal made Hannibal serve as an officer under him.Hasdrubal then pursued a policy of consolidation of Carthages Iberian interests, even signing a accordance with Rome whereby Carthage would non expand north of the Ebro River, so long as Rome did not expand south of it. Hasdrubal also tried to consolidate Carthaginian power by doing diplomatic relationships with native tribes. As a part of his deals Hasdrubal arranged the marriage between Hannibal and an Iberian princess named Imilce. So Hannibal got hooked up with a wife. Soon enough though there was assassination of Hasdrubal close to 221 B. C. E.It was the rise of the Great Hannibal was proclaimed as the commander-in-chief by the army and confirmed in his fight by the Carthaginian government. This meant that n ot only was the leader of the military just also the political leader as well. Hannibal had spent two years consolidating his holdings and completing the conquest of Hispania south of the Ebro River. Rome however was started getting scared because of the growing strength of Hannibal in Iberia. Rome decided to make an alliance with the city of Saguntum, which coif a considerable distance south of the River Ebro and claimed the city as its protectorate.Which in a previous agreement they were breaking their treaty. Hannibal obviously perceived this as a breach of the treaty signed with Hasdrubal. So this forced Hannibal with his hands tied behind his back to siege to the city, which fell after eight months. Rome reacted to this (of course) unmistakable violation of the treaty and demanded justice from Carthage. Rome declared war on Carthage. This begins the second Punic War. I believe this was just all done to beseech a war. Because Hannibals great popularity, the Carthaginian gov ernment did not make a fuss round Hannibals actions.Hannibal was now determined to carry the war into the heart of Italy by a rapid march through Hispania and southern Gaul. After hearing the declaration of war Hannibal immediately starts off towards Rome. The problem was he had to go by land because Rome controlled the seas. Hannibal takes an army of thirty-five to forty thousand men, some on foot and others on horse, along with fifty war elephants across the Pyrenees and the Alps. elusive luck falls into Hannibals lap as early snows and landslides kill many of his men and almost all of his war elephants.While traveling through the Alps he fights battles at Arausio and Genua, easily defeating the Roman warriors, although his troops are in horrible shape. He enters Italy with only twenty- sixer thousand men and five or six war elephants in September 218. Hannibal and his troops spent the winter in Po Valley. In the spring Hannibal was joined by the Gauls, northern Italians who wer e subdued into engagement the Romans. Now Hannibal had a sufficient army of infantry and cavalry. The hardened Carthaginian troops easily crushed the Roman armies in their way, nevertheless without siege equipment the Carthaginians could not destroy the Roman cities.So instead of trying to siege the city they simple killed the Roman soldiers and moved on. (He was a bad ass mofo if you know what I mean. ) sometimes the Romans would retreat into their city surrounded by high walls so that they would not die. In 217 Hannibal won a major battle at Lake Trasimene. The Romans counter onrushed with some 25,000 men, but their consul, Gaius Flaminius, was defeated and killed in an ambush between the hills and the Trasimene lake. Two legions were annihilated. One legion for a roman army comprised about 5,000 men.Hannibals army along with the Gauls would undulate the Italian countryside and destroy any opposing army. In 216 he defeated a huge Roman army at the city of Cannae in southwestern Italy. At Cannae the Romans loss was much greater than that of Hannibal suffered. The Romans bewildered twenty-five thousand men and ten thousand were captured, on the other hand Hannibal only lost five thousand and seven hundred men. Hannibal, being a military genius, let the Romans advance at his main infantry, while his cavalry charged around the sides easily defeating two other groups of Roman infantry.Then after destroying the two side groups of Romans the cavalry swept around the back of the main Roman attack force. Hannibal apply this strategy often because it worked so good that and the Romans had no to much pride in their formations. Even though he was killing Roman soldiers he was not destroying any cities. They were very frustrated and annoyed of Hannibal they needed him to get out of Italy, so the Romans sent armies led by Scipio, a great Roman general, to attack Carthage in Africa. Carthage ordered Hannibal to Africa to protect the city of Carthage.This was the clash of the titans, Hannibal vs. Scipio. They met at Zama, a city near Carthage. This would end up to be the final battle of the second Punic War, and the great Hannibal would be the loser. Of course he lost with the exhaustion of all his troops and heading all the way back to Africa. Hannibal escaped but his army didnt. After the war Carthage had to pay Rome a very large sum of money and agree to terms that they could only wage war in Africa, even to the point where they needed Romes permission. Hannibal returned to Carthage and became one of the two chief magistrates.He then challenged the aristocrats of being corrupt the aristocrats told Rome that Hannibal was planning another attack on Rome with Antiochus III of Syria. Rome, already very pissed off with Hannibal, decided to deport Hannibal out of Carthage. Hannibal traveled to Syria and was made a member of the Syrian court. Vowed to his fathers linguistic process embedded in his heart and mind he had advised Antiochus III to decl are war against Rome. Antiochus III decided to go on this advice and wage war on Rome, this turned out to be called the Syrian War.Though soon after Syria was defeated and Hannibal left to become a member of the Prussian court. Hannibal and his awesome idea skills convinced Prussia to go to war against Rome. Instead of directly attacking Rome, Prussia attacked Romes ally Pergamum. Rome came into the fight and demanded that Hannibal be handed over to them. Instead of being impoverished Hannibal took his own life. Hannibal Barca, being eternal enemies with Rome, fulfilled his fathers words and while doing so became one the greatest generals of his time.He could almost come close to being as great as Alexander the Great. So the start of his greatness all started with his family and the first Punic War. If people were to talk about the Punic war it would be about 2nd Punic war and Hannibal. Just to spite the Romans in the end he ended up taking his own life so no Roman can have the ju stice to say they killed the Great Hannibal. References 1. Harold Lamb Hannibal (Doubleday & Company, INC. , Garden City, New York 1958) 2. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hannibal 3. Cormac O Brien Outnumbered (Fair Winds Press, Beverly, MA 2010) 4. ttp//www. livius. org/ha-hd/hannibal/hannibal. hypertext mark-up language 5. 1 . http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hannibal 2 . http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hannibal 3 . http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hannibal 4 . Harold Lamb Hannibal (Doubleday & Company, INC. , Garden City, New York 1958), 71 5 . Harold 75-78 6 . Harold 51-52 7 . Harold 180 8 . Cormac O Brien Outnumbered (Fair Winds Press, Beverly, MA 2010), 53 9 . http//www. livius. org/ha-hd/hannibal/hannibal. html 10 . Harold 259 11 . Harold 152

Sociology Unit G671

* Complicit masculinity the new universe that is willing to cook tea, pick up the children from school and put the washing on. * Subordinate masculinity the gay man * Marginalised masculinity the hegemonic man today. Associated with the working class, as this group of males cant get the typical jobs, mining etc due to loss of industry so they cant fulfil their destiny Firstly, the family socialises masculinity in a look of ways. A study by Ann Oakley argues that gender socialisation takes place in 4 ways Manipulation Parents encourage behaviour, which is seen as normal for the childs gender and admonish what is seen as deviant for example, boys are encouraged from an early age to take part in playing football and discouraged from taking part in ballet lessons. * Canalisation this involves channelling the childs interests to toys and activities seen as normal for his or her sex. An example of this is boys playing with toy cars and action men Verbal appellation the names that children are called which teaches gender take into account behaviour for example, big boys dont cry and the tone of voice used. * Different activities children are encouraged to involve themselves in different activities for example, boys playing together to make a camp. Although Ann Oakley did her research 30 years ago and is considered out of date, a more new-fangled study by Joanna Smith (1997) reinforces Oakleys points.Feature Article Sociology TestA recent study also said that the family is stereotypically gendered to males, breadwinners and females, caring roles. (Charles 2002) This shows that boys can learn these roles from looking at their fathers behaviour. Secondly media plays a role in influencing masculinity. There are a range of different Medias, we can actively choose what we watch on the television and what magazines we read, however, to a degree, it is all around us. The adverts that are on